Britain Issues Balfour Declaration Supporting Jewish Homeland
British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour declares support for Jewish national home in Palestine
Coverage of one of the world's most enduring conflicts
British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour declares support for Jewish national home in Palestine
Palestinians launch major uprising against British rule and increasing Jewish immigration
David Ben-Gurion proclaims the establishment of the State of Israel as British forces complete withdrawal from Palestine.
Forces from Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq cross borders into former Mandatory Palestine following Israel's declaration of independence.
United Nations General Assembly passes resolution establishing principles for refugee return and Jerusalem's international status.
Syria becomes the last Arab state to sign armistice with Israel, formally ending the first Arab-Israeli war with significant territorial changes.
King Abdullah announces unification of Jordan's East and West Banks, incorporating Palestinian territories and residents into the Hashemite Kingdom.
Palestinian gunman kills Jordanian monarch at Al-Aqsa Mosque, highlighting tensions over his moderate stance toward Israel.
Israeli forces launch Operation Kadesh into Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, beginning what will become known as the Suez Crisis.
Israeli forces evacuate Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip after four-month occupation, ending Suez Crisis with diplomatic guarantees.
Arab League establishes PLO in Jerusalem to represent Palestinian people and coordinate resistance against Israel.
Israeli jets destroy Egyptian, Syrian, and Jordanian air forces in surprise morning raids, beginning what becomes known as the Six-Day War.
Ceasefire takes effect as Israel achieves stunning military victory, tripling its territory and bringing one million Palestinians under occupation.
Landmark resolution calls for Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories in exchange for peace, establishing 'land for peace' formula.
PLO forces aided by Jordanian army inflict casualties on Israeli troops in Jordan Valley, boosting Palestinian resistance morale.
Fatah leader takes control of PLO, signaling shift toward armed resistance and guerrilla warfare against Israel.
PFLP guerrillas hijack multiple international flights to Jordan, demanding prisoner releases and drawing world attention to Palestinian cause.
King Hussein's army defeats PLO forces after bloody civil war, forcing Palestinian guerrillas to flee Jordan for Lebanon.
Black September commandos take Israeli Olympic team hostage in Munich, leading to tragic massacre that shocks the world.
Arab armies strike during Jewish holy day, catching Israel unprepared as Egyptian forces cross Suez Canal and Syria attacks Golan Heights.
US-Soviet pressure halts fighting with Israeli forces across Suez Canal and Damascus in artillery range, reshaping Middle East dynamics.
Palestinian National Council approves phased strategy accepting 'national authority' on any liberated territory, sparking fierce internal debate.
PLO chairman makes historic appearance at United Nations, marking Palestinian issue's elevation to international diplomatic stage.
Resolution 3379 passes 72-35, equating Zionism with racism and marking low point in Israel's international standing.
Israeli Arabs strike against land expropriations, marking first coordinated political action by Palestinians inside Israel since 1948.
IDF special forces fly 2,500 miles to Uganda, freeing 102 hostages held by Palestinian and German hijackers at Entebbe Airport.
Egyptian president becomes first Arab leader to visit Israel, breaking psychological barriers but sidelining Palestinian issue.
Fatah militants from Lebanon hijack buses near Tel Aviv in deadly assault that will trigger massive Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
25,000 Israeli troops cross border in retaliation for Coastal Road massacre, aiming to push PLO forces north of Litani River.
After 13 days of secret negotiations, Begin and Sadat sign historic agreements with vague promises on Palestinian autonomy.
First Arab-Israeli peace treaty ends 30 years of war but leaves Palestinian issue unresolved, triggering Arab boycott of Egypt.
Venice Declaration marks Europe's break with US policy, calling for PLO involvement in peace process and Palestinian self-determination.
Knesset passes law claiming all of Jerusalem as Israel's capital, triggering international condemnation and embassy relocations.
Israeli F-16 fighters destroy Iraq's Osirak nuclear reactor near Baghdad in Operation Opera, claiming it was developing nuclear weapons.
Israeli forces cross into Lebanon in 'Operation Peace for Galilee' aimed at expelling PLO forces from southern Lebanon.
Christian Phalangist militias kill hundreds of Palestinian civilians in Beirut refugee camps while Israeli forces control the area.
Israeli forces start pulling back from Beirut area as government faces mounting casualties and domestic opposition to the Lebanon occupation.
Israeli air force strikes PLO headquarters near Tunis in long-range raid, killing dozens in retaliation for yacht murders in Cyprus.
Mass Palestinian protests and riots begin after traffic accident in Gaza, marking the start of the First Intifada against Israeli occupation.
Palestinian National Council proclaims independence in Algiers, recognizing Israel's right to exist and accepting UN Resolution 242.
Deadly clashes erupt at Jerusalem's holy site as Israeli police open fire on Palestinian stone-throwers, sparking international condemnation.
Iraqi missiles target Israel while Palestinians face curfews and economic devastation as Arafat's support for Saddam Hussein backfires.
Israelis and Palestinians sit at same negotiating table for first time as US and Soviet Union co-sponsor comprehensive peace talks.
Mass deportation of Palestinian Islamists to Lebanon triggers international crisis and undermines ongoing peace talks in Washington.
Israeli PM and PLO Chairman shake hands after signing Declaration of Principles, launching Palestinian self-rule and mutual recognition.
Baruch Goldstein opens fire on Muslim worshippers at Cave of the Patriarchs, threatening to derail Oslo peace process.
Detailed accord implements first phase of Oslo Accords, establishing Palestinian self-rule in Gaza Strip and Jericho.
PLO Chairman makes triumphant return to Palestinian soil as thousands celebrate the symbolic homecoming to lead Palestinian Authority.
Devastating attack on Dizengoff Street marks escalation in Hamas campaign to derail peace process through terror in Israeli cities.
Comprehensive agreement extends Palestinian self-rule to major West Bank cities and divides territory into three zones of control.
Israeli leader who signed Oslo Accords shot dead at Tel Aviv peace rally by right-wing Jewish law student opposed to peace process.
Yahya Ayyash, mastermind of suicide bombings, killed by exploding mobile phone in targeted assassination sparking vows of revenge.
Two suicide attacks within minutes and another days later fulfill Hamas vow to avenge 'The Engineer,' devastating Israeli cities.
Likud leader Benjamin Netanyahu narrowly wins election on security platform, promising to slow peace process and expand settlements.
Netanyahu's decision to open archaeological tunnel near Al-Aqsa Mosque triggers worst violence since Oslo Accords, killing 80.
Israel agrees to withdraw from most of Hebron while maintaining control over Jewish settler areas in the divided city.
Netanyahu government starts building 6,500 housing units on disputed hilltop, drawing Palestinian fury and international condemnation.
Hamas terrorists detonate explosives in crowded Mahane Yehuda market, shattering period of relative calm in Israeli-Palestinian relations.
Nine days of intensive U.S.-mediated negotiations produce accord on further West Bank withdrawals and security cooperation.
First U.S. president to visit Palestinian territory witnesses PNC vote to annul anti-Israel clauses from PLO Charter.
Labor leader and former military chief promises to revive peace process after defeating incumbent by largest margin in Israeli history.
New accord sets ambitious timeline for final status talks and further Israeli withdrawals from West Bank territory.
Pontiff visits Western Wall and Yad Vashem, calling for reconciliation between Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Holy Land.
Palestinians marking 52nd anniversary of their 'catastrophe' clash with Israeli forces, leaving five dead and hundreds wounded.
Two weeks of intensive negotiations between Barak and Arafat fail to bridge gaps on Jerusalem, ending in mutual recriminations.
Opposition leader Ariel Sharon tours contested holy site with 1,000 police, sparking Palestinian outrage and violent demonstrations.
Day after Sharon's visit, widespread Palestinian riots erupt across territories as Israeli police kill seven at Al-Aqsa Mosque.
Muhammad al-Durrah's death during Gaza crossfire, captured by French TV, becomes symbol of Second Intifada's human cost.
Graphic killing of Israeli soldiers who entered Palestinian city by mistake shocks both societies and deepens cycle of violence.
Suicide attack on crowded restaurant shocks Jerusalem as Second Intifada violence escalates
Suicide bomber strikes Passover Seder, marking deadliest attack of Second Intifada
Israeli forces encounter heavy resistance in Jenin, sparking international controversy over casualties and tactics
Hamas suicide attack on bus in Jerusalem deals blow to emerging diplomatic efforts
US, UN, EU, and Russia unveil three-phase plan for Israeli-Palestinian peace amid skepticism
Helicopter strike kills spiritual leader of Hamas, sparking global condemnation and vows of revenge
Palestinian leader's death after mysterious illness creates power vacuum and uncertainty for peace process
Pragmatic leader promises to end violence and resume peace talks after winning 62% of vote
First Israeli withdrawal from occupied Palestinian territory faces fierce resistance from settlement movement
Military withdrawal completed as Palestinians celebrate and prepare for self-rule challenges
Islamic movement defeats Fatah, winning 76 of 132 parliamentary seats in democratic shock
Hamas militants tunnel into Israel, kill two soldiers and capture one, triggering major crisis
Eight Israeli soldiers killed, two captured in attack that ignites 34-day conflict
Islamic movement routs Fatah forces in five days of fighting, splitting Palestinian territories
Bush administration hosts major summit as Olmert and Abbas commit to 2008 peace deal target
Israeli operations intensify as Hamas rockets reach deeper into Israel, threatening peace talks
Tahdia (calm) agreement aims to halt violence and ease blockade amid skepticism
Surprise Saturday attack kills over 200 as Israel begins largest Gaza operation since 1967
Thousands of troops begin ground offensive amid international calls for ceasefire
Operation Cast Lead ends with over 1,300 Palestinians and 13 Israelis dead, Gaza devastated
Likud leader forms government with nationalist and religious parties, dimming peace prospects
US President calls for 'new beginning' with Muslim world and renewed Israeli-Palestinian peace push
Israeli PM's first endorsement of two-state solution comes with strict conditions Palestinians reject
Partial construction moratorium excludes Jerusalem and existing foundations, falls short of US demands
Israel announces 1,600 new homes in East Jerusalem during VP visit, triggering US-Israel crisis
Naval operation against Turkish aid ship in international waters triggers diplomatic crisis
Netanyahu and Abbas meet face-to-face as direct negotiations resume after 20-month freeze
Palestinian negotiations in jeopardy as Israel resumes West Bank construction despite US pressure
Mohamed Bouazizi's self-immolation sparks regional upheaval with major implications for Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Unprecedented coordinated marches on Israeli borders mark Palestinian 'catastrophe' anniversary, leaving dozens dead
Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas submits formal application for UN membership, marking pivotal diplomatic moment
Assassination of Hamas military chief Ahmad Jabari triggers major escalation as Israel begins extensive military operation
Operation Pillar of Defense concludes with Egyptian-mediated truce as international pressure mounts
Historic General Assembly vote recognizes Palestinian statehood despite fierce US and Israeli opposition
US Secretary of State achieves diplomatic breakthrough after months of shuttle diplomacy
Nine months of intensive US-led negotiations end in failure as both sides trade blame
Disappearance of three youth near Hebron sparks massive military operation and tensions
Murder of 16-year-old Mohammed Abu Khdeir sparks riots in East Jerusalem following Israeli teens' deaths
Major military offensive begins following escalating rocket fire and breakdown of Egyptian ceasefire efforts
IDF forces enter Gaza to destroy tunnel network after 10 days of aerial bombardment
Egypt-mediated truce ends bloodiest Gaza conflict with over 2,200 Palestinians and 73 Israelis dead
Series of Palestinian stabbing attacks against Israelis signals new phase of violence centered on Jerusalem
Bus attacks, checkpoint shootings, and riots engulf the city as security forces struggle to contain uprising
Analysis of ongoing violence wave that has killed dozens and transformed Israeli-Palestinian dynamics
Historic resolution passes as Obama administration breaks with tradition of shielding Israel at UN
Historic break with decades of US policy sparks Palestinian rage and international condemnation
Mass Palestinian protests demanding right of return met with deadly Israeli fire, killing 17
Israeli forces kill 62 Palestinians as US embassy ceremony proceeds amid split-screen tragedy
Israeli PM makes unprecedented campaign pledge that would end two-state solution prospects
US peace plan grants Israeli wishes on settlements and Jerusalem while offering Palestinians limited state
Arab states normalize relations with Israel at White House, sidelining Palestinian issue
Threatened expulsion of Palestinian families from East Jerusalem neighborhood ignites widespread protests
Al-Aqsa Mosque raid and Hamas ultimatum lead to rocket barrage, marking major escalation
Egypt-mediated truce halts Operation Guardian of the Walls after devastating casualties and destruction
Veteran Palestinian-American correspondent shot dead while covering Jenin raid, sparking global outrage
New coalition includes far-right ministers with annexation and Temple Mount agendas
Major military operation in refugee camp leaves 10 Palestinians dead, marking severe escalation
Violent raid on Islam's third-holiest site wounds dozens, sparks regional condemnation
Thousands of rockets and ground infiltrations mark deadliest day in Israel's history with over 250 killed
Hamas militants breach Gaza border in massive surprise attack on Israeli communities
Netanyahu vows to 'crush and destroy' Hamas as massive military operation begins
UN calls mass evacuation order 'impossible' as humanitarian catastrophe deepens
Al-Ahli Arab Hospital blast kills 500+ as Israel and Palestinians trade blame
Tanks and troops enter Gaza Strip as Netanyahu vows to 'destroy Hamas' in expanded operations
Raid on largest medical facility claims to target Hamas command center as patients die
13 Israeli hostages freed as 4-day humanitarian pause begins with prisoner exchange
UN warns of complete societal collapse as casualties mount and humanitarian crisis deepens
Historic legal action at International Court of Justice alleges systematic destruction of Palestinians in Gaza
Understanding one of the world's most enduring and complex conflicts
World Court issues provisional measures but stops short of ordering ceasefire
Children dying of starvation as Israel blocks aid and uses hunger as weapon of war
Targeted attack on clearly marked convoy forces major charities to suspend Gaza operations
Ground invasion of Gaza's last refuge begins as 1.4 million Palestinians face nowhere to flee
'Safe zone' bombing burns families alive, sparking global outrage and Israeli claims of 'tragic mistake'
Nine months of war leave Gaza devastated as negotiations fail and humanitarian crisis deepens
As October 7 anniversary approaches, death toll nears 42,000 with Gaza uninhabitable and peace prospects dead
Commemorations and protests mark one year since Hamas attack as Gaza death toll passes 42,000
UN warns of mass deaths from cold and disease as displaced families lack shelter and basic necessities
14 months of war leave Gaza destroyed and Israel isolated as diplomatic efforts fail again
Year-end assessment shows unprecedented destruction as war continues with no resolution in sight
New Year brings no hope as humanitarian catastrophe deepens and peace remains impossible dream
International organizations struggle to deliver essential supplies amid ongoing restrictions and security concerns
International mediators report progress in ceasefire talks as regional powers increase diplomatic efforts
Gaza Strip remains devastated two years after October 7 war with limited reconstruction progress