Coverage of the Nagorno-Karabakh dispute and border tensions
The Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast officially requests transfer from Azerbaijan to Armenia, marking the beginning of the conflict
Growing unrest in Azerbaijan's industrial city as Armenian demands for Nagorno-Karabakh unification spark counter-demonstrations
Mobs attack Armenian neighborhoods in Azerbaijan's Sumgait as ethnic violence spirals out of control
Anti-Armenian pogrom in Sumgait, Azerbaijan results in dozens of deaths and marks escalation of ethnic violence
Military units restore order as death toll rises and thousands of Armenians flee the city
Armenia's Supreme Soviet votes to accept Nagorno-Karabakh's request for unification, escalating constitutional crisis
Regional council's historic decision to join Armenia deepens constitutional crisis in Soviet Union
Violent clashes between Armenians and Azerbaijanis in Nagorno-Karabakh's capital mark spread of conflict to the disputed region
Soviet authorities impose direct rule as ethnic clashes spread beyond the disputed region
Mass expulsions and refugee crisis deepen as tit-for-tat attacks force hundreds of thousands from their homes
Anti-Armenian violence erupts in Kirovabad (Ganja), Azerbaijan's second-largest city, forcing mass evacuations
25,000 dead as natural disaster compounds political crisis, briefly uniting bitter enemies in rescue efforts
Devastating earthquake kills 25,000 in Armenia, temporarily shifting focus from Karabakh conflict to humanitarian crisis
Soviet authorities impose special administration on Nagorno-Karabakh, suspending local government amid escalating crisis
Kremlin's drastic measure to end crisis instead inflames both Armenian and Azerbaijani nationalism
First organized military assaults mark transition from ethnic riots to armed conflict
Azerbaijan initiates rail blockade of Armenia, cutting vital supply lines and escalating economic warfare
600,000 Armenians form their own human chain demanding Nagorno-Karabakh unification as Soviet control weakens
Kremlin's reversal triggers massive strikes in Armenia and celebration in Azerbaijan as conflict enters new phase
Armenian Supreme Soviet votes for unification with Nagorno-Karabakh, defying Moscow and escalating constitutional crisis
Organized mobs attack Armenian neighborhoods in Azerbaijan's capital, marking the largest ethnic violence since Sumgait
Week-long anti-Armenian pogrom in Baku forces evacuation of entire Armenian population from Azerbaijan's capital
Military assault on Azerbaijan's capital kills over 130 civilians, radicalizing Azerbaijani independence movement
Military buildup around Nagorno-Karabakh signals major offensive as Moscow backs Azerbaijan's territorial claims
Joint military operation forcibly deports thousands of Armenians as ethnic cleansing campaign starts
Historic declaration challenges Moscow's support for Azerbaijan as Armenia charts independent course
Armenia declares independence, setting stage for international recognition and formalization of conflict with Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani forces kill dozens of Armenian civilians in cross-border raids as conflict escalates toward full war
Joint Soviet-Azerbaijani military operation begins deportation of Armenians from villages around Nagorno-Karabakh
Following failed Moscow coup, Azerbaijan becomes independent state vowing to reclaim Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh proclaims independence as Soviet Union collapses, escalating conflict to full-scale war
Disputed region proclaims sovereignty, setting stage for full-scale war between Armenia and Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan declares independence from Soviet Union, transforming Karabakh dispute into international conflict
Controversial downing near Karakend shifts war dynamics as Azerbaijan loses key leaders
Azerbaijani MI-8 helicopter carrying government officials shot down, killing all 20 aboard including senior officials
Overwhelming vote for independence lacks international recognition as war intensifies around the region
Azerbaijani forces begin intensive bombardment of Stepanakert with GRAD rockets, marking escalation to urban warfare
Azerbaijani forces massacre Armenian civilians in Maraga village, with international observers documenting atrocities
Armenian forces overrun Azerbaijani town of Khojaly, resulting in the conflict's worst single massacre of civilians
Armenian forces capture Khojaly, resulting in deaths of hundreds of Azerbaijani civilians in war's deadliest single massacre
Mass demonstrations force president from power as Azerbaijan faces political chaos amid military defeats
OSCE creates Minsk Group to mediate Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict, establishing main international negotiation framework
Armenian village of Maragha destroyed, residents killed in retaliation for earlier losses
Fall of Azerbaijan's cultural capital marks turning point as Armenian forces gain strategic control over Nagorno-Karabakh
Armenian forces capture Shusha, ending bombardment of Stepanakert and marking turning point in war
Capture of strategic corridor ends Nagorno-Karabakh's isolation and creates new refugee crisis
Armenian forces capture Lachin corridor, establishing land connection between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh
Commonwealth of Independent States proposes peacekeeping deployment as war escalates, but plan fails to materialize
Popular Front leader promises to reverse military defeats and strengthen ties with Turkey
New assault threatens to cut off Azerbaijan's northern regions as Armenian military expansion continues
Azerbaijan's democratic leader acknowledges army collapse while refusing Russian military assistance
Strategic district's capture creates humanitarian catastrophe as refugees brave blizzards to escape
Armenian forces capture Kelbajar district outside Nagorno-Karabakh, displacing 60,000 and drawing UN condemnation
First UN resolution on conflict calls for immediate ceasefire and withdrawal but lacks enforcement mechanism
Ganja garrison commander begins march on Baku as Azerbaijan faces civil war amid external defeats
Azerbaijan's first democratically elected president abandons power, ending country's brief democratic experiment
Former Soviet leader takes control of Azerbaijan, promising to restore order and reverse military defeats
Armenian forces capture Agdam, once-thriving city of 40,000, creating massive refugee crisis and ghost town
Major Azerbaijani city captured and systematically destroyed as 150,000 residents flee
Armenian offensive captures Fizuli and Jabrayil districts in southern Azerbaijan, nearing Iranian border
Multiple fronts collapse as Armenian forces push toward Iran border, threatening to split Azerbaijan
Former Soviet boss legitimizes power through election as Azerbaijan faces complete military collapse
Strategic southern district abandoned as military command structure completely collapses
Armenian forces capture Zangelan, completing control of Azerbaijan's southern districts and Iranian border
Final southern district captured as Aliyev desperately seeks ceasefire to prevent total defeat
Azerbaijan attempts major winter counter-offensive to reclaim territories but suffers heavy losses
Horadiz and surrounding areas fall as Armenia pushes for maximum gains before negotiations
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Nagorno-Karabakh sign ceasefire agreement in Bishkek, ending six years of active warfare
Bishkek Protocol ends six years of war with Armenia controlling 20% of Azerbaijan territory
First major post-ceasefire diplomatic effort produces no breakthrough as positions remain irreconcilable
OSCE summit establishes co-chair mechanism for Minsk Group and discusses peacekeeping force for Nagorno-Karabakh
Azerbaijan leverages Caspian oil resources to build international partnerships and strengthen position in Karabakh negotiations
Worst violence since 1994 ceasefire demonstrates how frozen conflict could quickly thaw into renewed war
Armenia stands alone at OSCE summit, rejecting statement on Azerbaijan's territorial integrity
Breakthrough proposal for compromise triggers fierce domestic opposition, threatening leader who won the war
President Ter-Petrosyan proposes phased solution for Karabakh, triggering political crisis and his eventual resignation
Armenia's founding president falls as hardliners reject peace proposal, installing Robert Kocharyan
Presidents Aliyev and Kocharyan meet in Key West, Florida, reportedly coming close to agreement on conflict resolution
Armenia's political leadership decimated as five gunmen storm parliament, killing eight including PM Vazgen Sargsyan
One year after parliament massacre, Armenia-Azerbaijan negotiations remain frozen as both countries focus on internal stability
Armenia and Azerbaijan begin negotiations under the Prague Process, marking a new phase in diplomatic efforts to resolve the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
Presidents Kocharyan and Aliyev fail to reach breakthrough in Florida as fundamental disagreements persist
Key West Talks: High-Level Negotiations in Florida
Armenian and Azerbaijani presidents hold direct talks in Key West, Florida, in unprecedented diplomatic engagement mediated by the United States.
A serious border incident near Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic threatens to derail ongoing peace negotiations between Armenia and Azerbaijan.
After two years of negotiations, the Prague Process faces serious deadlock as Armenia and Azerbaijan refuse to compromise on core issues.
Son of Heydar Aliyev takes power promising to reclaim lost territories as Azerbaijan enters new era
Discussions of a potential independence referendum in Nagorno-Karabakh prompt severe warnings from Azerbaijan about military action.
Lieutenant Ramil Safarov murders sleeping Armenian colleague in shocking hate crime during peacekeeping training
Surging oil revenues enable Azerbaijan to dramatically increase military spending, triggering regional arms race with Armenia.
Secret negotiations in France fail despite unprecedented international pressure and detailed peace plan
Presidents meet in Rambouillet, France for crucial negotiations, but fundamental disagreements persist despite international pressure.
OSCE Minsk Group presents the Madrid Principles, offering the most detailed framework yet for resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.
Heavy fighting erupts near Mardakert (Aghdara), marking the most serious military escalation since the 1994 ceasefire agreement.
Security forces storm opposition rally protesting fraudulent election, marking Armenia's worst political violence since independence
Russian military action in Georgia demonstrates Moscow's willingness to use force, altering Caucasus dynamics
In breakthrough moment, Armenian and Azerbaijani presidents sign Moscow Declaration, their first joint document affirming peaceful conflict resolution.
Armenian and Azerbaijani presidents meet in Prague, reaffirming commitment to Madrid Principles amid EU Eastern Partnership summit.
Russian President Medvedev hosts intensive negotiations in Sochi, pressing both sides to finalize agreement on Basic Principles.
Despite high hopes, presidents unable to bridge final gaps on Basic Principles during Saint Petersburg meeting, raising concerns about peace process.
Russian President Medvedev makes final attempt to broker Nagorno-Karabakh agreement before end of his presidential term.
Convicted killer receives hero's welcome, presidential pardon, and promotion after serving only 8 years
Major escalation sees both sides using heavy weapons as ceasefire regime shows signs of collapse
April War: Major Fighting Erupts Along Contact Line
April War Day 2: Azerbaijan Claims Territorial Gains
Full-scale military assault using drones, artillery and special forces catches Armenia off-guard
Brief but intense conflict ends with first territorial changes since 1994, signaling new volatile phase
Journalist-turned-revolutionary ends Republican Party rule, promising democratic reforms and new approach to Karabakh
July Clashes: Fighting Erupts on International Border
Tavush fighting marks serious escalation as Azerbaijan attempts to capture strategic positions
Large-Scale Military Exercises Signal War Preparation
Final War Preparations: Intelligence Reports Mount
Second Karabakh War Begins with Massive Offensive
Azerbaijan begins large-scale military operation along entire line of contact with Armenian forces in Nagorno-Karabakh
Turkish military advisors and advanced drone technology play crucial role in Azerbaijan's offensive operations
Azerbaijani drones systematically destroy Armenian S-300 systems and armor in unprecedented display of modern warfare
Azerbaijani forces capture Jabrayil city and surrounding villages in first major territorial gain since 1993
Armenian forces launch missile strikes on Ganja, Azerbaijan's second-largest city, causing civilian casualties far from front lines
Nagorno-Karabakh's capital Stepanakert endures intensive shelling as residents flee and infrastructure crumbles
First humanitarian ceasefire brokered by Russia fails immediately as both sides accuse each other of violations
Intense street fighting erupts in strategic town of Hadrut as Azerbaijani special forces penetrate Armenian defenses
Multiple reports indicate Turkey recruited Syrian fighters for Azerbaijan, adding dangerous dimension to conflict
Another attempt at humanitarian pause collapses immediately as neither side shows willingness to halt military operations
Iranian military reinforces border as stray shells land in villages and refugees flee advancing Azerbaijani forces
Azerbaijani forces advance toward Lachin corridor, threatening to cut the only road linking Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh
US-brokered humanitarian ceasefire collapses immediately as both sides refuse to halt military operations
Armenian forces allegedly use banned cluster munitions on Azerbaijani city of Barda, causing mass civilian casualties
Azerbaijani forces launch assault on culturally significant mountain fortress city of Shusha in war's most crucial battle
Armenian PM makes emotional Facebook appeal admitting critical military situation as Azerbaijani forces close on Shusha
Intense urban combat continues in Shusha as Armenian forces mount desperate defense against Azerbaijani special forces
Azerbaijani forces capture Shusha after week of intense fighting, dealing decisive blow to Armenian forces
Armenian forces in full retreat as defensive lines crumble following loss of Shusha, mass evacuation underway
Armenia signs capitulation agreement ending 44-day war, ceding territories and accepting Russian peacekeepers
Russian Mi-24 helicopter shot down over Armenia, raising fears of Moscow's direct involvement in conflict
First Russian military convoys enter Nagorno-Karabakh as 2,000 peacekeepers begin deployment to monitor ceasefire
Furious protesters storm Armenian parliament and government buildings, demanding Pashinyan's head after signing defeat agreement
Tens of thousands of Armenians flee Nagorno-Karabakh in massive exodus, burning homes rather than leave them to Azerbaijan
Entire villages set ablaze as Armenians destroy everything before abandoning Kalbajar district to Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan announces grand military parade to celebrate historic victory as Turkish forces prepare to participate
Armenians hold final services at 9th-century Dadivank Monastery before territory transfers to Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan receives control of Agdam, once thriving city of 40,000 reduced to ruins after 27 years of Armenian occupation
Azerbaijan takes control of strategic Kalbajar district after Armenian forces complete withdrawal following 10-day extension
Azerbaijan receives Lachin district in final territorial transfer, completing implementation of November 9 agreement
Azerbaijan celebrates military victory with massive parade in Baku featuring Turkish troops and captured Armenian equipment
Armenian and Azerbaijani forces exchange fire along disputed border areas in Syunik, marking continued post-war tensions
Negotiations for the exchange of prisoners of war break down as both sides accuse each other of bad faith
Thousands protest in Armenian border villages against demarcation process that would cede territory to Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan demands alternative route for Lachin Corridor, raising fears for Nagorno-Karabakh's lifeline
Over 200 soldiers killed as Azerbaijan launches major offensive along Armenian border, shelling cities deep inside Armenia
Azerbaijani 'eco-activists' block the only road to Nagorno-Karabakh, beginning what would become a months-long humanitarian crisis
Food and medicine shortages reach critical levels as Azerbaijan's blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh enters second month
International Court of Justice orders Azerbaijan to immediately lift the Lachin Corridor blockade, but Baku refuses compliance
Azerbaijan establishes permanent military checkpoint on Lachin Corridor, formalizing the blockade despite ICJ orders
United Nations experts warn that Azerbaijan's six-month blockade has created conditions for mass starvation of 120,000 Armenians
International Red Cross convoy carrying desperately needed food and medicine turned back at Azerbaijani checkpoint
Azerbaijan cuts electricity supply to Nagorno-Karabakh during extreme heat, worsening the humanitarian catastrophe
Facing starvation and total blockade, Nagorno-Karabakh Armenian leaders enter desperate negotiations for population survival
Azerbaijan begins 'anti-terrorist operation' against starved Nagorno-Karabakh, overwhelming depleted Armenian forces within hours
After 24 hours of bombardment, Nagorno-Karabakh accepts Azerbaijan's terms for complete dissolution and disarmament
Entire Armenian population begins fleeing Nagorno-Karabakh in one of the largest refugee crises of the 21st century
Nagorno-Karabakh's Armenian government formally announces it will cease to exist by January 1, 2024, ending 32 years of self-rule
Armenia faces humanitarian crisis as it absorbs entire population of Nagorno-Karabakh, straining resources and sparking political upheaval
Satellite imagery reveals systematic destruction of Armenian churches and monuments in depopulated Nagorno-Karabakh
At midnight, the Republic of Artsakh formally dissolves, ending 32 years of Armenian self-governance in Nagorno-Karabakh
Understanding the complex territorial dispute in the South Caucasus
Continued tensions at the Lachin checkpoint as Armenian protesters demand end to blockade restrictions
Post-Artsakh dissolution, Azerbaijan increases pressure on Armenia for extraterritorial corridor through sovereign Armenian territory
First official border demarcation since independence starts, with Armenia ceding several villages amid domestic protests
Nine months after exodus, Nagorno-Karabakh refugees struggle with unemployment, trauma, and fading hope of return
Historic agreement signed on regional connectivity, but critics warn of sovereignty compromises following Artsakh's fate
PM Pashinyan refuses to attend CIS summit in Moscow, marking dramatic shift in Armenia's foreign policy after Artsakh abandonment
Analysis of diplomatic progress and remaining challenges in Armenia-Azerbaijan peace negotiations as 2024 concludes
Humanitarian crisis deepens as displaced Armenians face uncertain future
Armenian and Azerbaijani forces exchange fire as peace talks remain stalled