Decades of hostility between Iran and Israel, from proxy wars to direct confrontation
Small independent refineries in Shandong province — known as teapots — have given China a flexible buffer against the Iran war oil disruption, processing discounted Iranian and Russian crude outside mainstream channels.
Iranian missile and drone strikes struck critical infrastructure across the Gulf on Day 35 of the US-Israeli war on Iran, hitting a Kuwait desalination plant, the Al-Ahmadi oil refinery, and cloud data centers in the UAE and Bahrain.
Khuzestan Steel Company and Mobarakeh Steel Company — Iran's biggest steel producers — have ceased operations following multiple rounds of air strikes, with officials warning restart could take up to one year.
Iranian officials say the country's largest bridge will be 'built back stronger,' as Washington and Tel Aviv escalate attacks on Tehran's infrastructure.
An American F-15E Strike Eagle was shot down over western Iran on April 3, marking the first US aircraft downed by Iranian forces since the war began. The pilot was rescued under fire, but the search continues for a second crew member.
More than 100 US-based international law experts signed an open letter published on Just Security arguing that the military campaign against Iran may violate the UN Charter and constitute war crimes.
The World Health Organization has verified more than 20 attacks on healthcare facilities in Iran since March 1, with at least 9 deaths. Tehran's historic Pasteur Institute suffered significant damage, and the Iranian Red Crescent reports 307 health facilities damaged overall.
Analysis of the Houthi movement's calculated entry into the US-Iran conflict, their complex relationship with Tehran, and the strategic calculus behind their restraint on Red Sea shipping — so far.
Israel declares permanent security control over south Lebanon to the Litani River as airstrikes expand beyond Hezbollah areas into central Beirut.
President Trump's 20-minute primetime address repeated familiar talking points while offering no exit strategy, as Iran launched missiles minutes after the speech ended.
Britain gathers foreign ministers from 40 countries for a virtual summit on reopening the Strait of Hormuz, where Iranian attacks have halted commercial shipping since the war began. The United States declined to attend.
Iran's cultural heritage minister reports that 56 museums and historic monuments — including the UNESCO-listed Golestan Palace — have been damaged or destroyed in 32 days of US-Israeli air strikes, calling it 'a deliberate war on Iranian identity.'
European NATO members refuse military support for the US-Iran war across the board — closing airspace, denying base access, and rejecting a Strait of Hormuz naval coalition — as Trump says he is 'strongly considering' leaving the alliance.
Pakistan's foreign minister visits China seeking to draw Beijing into a more active role in mediating the US-Iran war, as five principles for potential talks take shape after the Islamabad quadrilateral meeting.
Reports and eyewitness accounts reveal Iran's IRGC has launched a programme enrolling children aged 12 and above for checkpoint duty and patrols as the US-Israeli air campaign enters its second month.
The US-Iran war spills beyond bilateral conflict as a Kuwaiti tanker is struck in Dubai, three UN peacekeepers die in Lebanon, and Gulf leaders hold emergency talks in Jeddah on day 31.
Airstrikes damage one of Iran's largest pharmaceutical companies producing cancer and anaesthetic drugs in Tehran, while a Shia congregation hall in Zanjan is also hit as civilian toll reaches 1,937.
The White House confirms Trump is interested in asking Gulf states to help cover Iran war costs, drawing parallels to the 1990 Gulf War even as allies point out they were never consulted before the campaign began.
Yemen's Houthi movement launches multiple waves of missiles and drones at Israeli military targets, opening a new front in the US-Iran war and raising fears of Red Sea shipping disruption.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio tells Al Jazeera that diplomatic channels with Iran remain open while military objectives are ahead of schedule, demands Tehran abandon nuclear and missile programmes.
Spain becomes the first NATO ally to formally close its airspace to US military aircraft involved in the Iran war, with Defence Minister Robles calling the conflict 'profoundly illegal and profoundly unjust.'
With nearly 5,000 Marines and 2,000 paratroopers deployed to the region, analysts examine the feasibility and risks of a US ground operation to capture Iran's most critical oil terminal.
Comprehensive analysis of the 12-day Iran-Israel war's impact on regional dynamics and international relations
International atomic agency pushes for expanded monitoring following Iran-Israel conflict escalation
International community launches comprehensive rebuilding program for war-affected areas
Post-conflict negotiations focus on dismantling Iranian proxy's military capabilities
Global powers reassess economic pressure measures following recent conflict escalation
US-brokered ceasefire agreement brings halt to Iran-Israel war after 12 days of intense fighting
US military strikes three Iranian nuclear sites, marking American entry into regional conflict
Russian Foreign Ministry spokesperson warns Washington against military action, calling it 'extremely dangerous'
Russian President Vladimir Putin proposes mediation between Iran and Israel, offering diplomatic solution to regional war
Director General Rafael Grossi expresses grave concerns about attacks on Iranian nuclear facilities and radiation risks
Iran retaliates with unprecedented missile and drone assault, targeting Israeli energy infrastructure and military bases
Israel conducts unprecedented military operation against Iranian nuclear and military facilities, beginning 12-day war
Iran fires 200 ballistic missiles at Israel in unprecedented direct assault, escalating regional conflict
Hamas political chief killed in Iranian capital during visit, attributed to Israeli operation
Iran fires over 300 missiles and drones at Israel in unprecedented direct military assault
Israeli airstrike destroys Iranian diplomatic compound in Damascus, killing senior Revolutionary Guards officials
Israel assassinates Saleh al-Arouri in Lebanese capital, expanding Gaza war to regional dimensions
Iranian-backed Hamas launches unprecedented assault on Israel, triggering major war with Iranian weapons and training
Unmanned aerial vehicles strike munitions facility in Isfahan, attributed to Israeli operations against Iranian military production
Iranian military support for Russia's invasion of Ukraine demonstrates regional alliance against Western powers
Iranian ballistic missiles target US consulate and alleged Mossad facility in Iraqi Kurdistan
Iran attacks Mercer Street tanker with explosive drones, killing British and Romanian nationals in escalation of maritime warfare
Mysterious explosion at Iranian nuclear facility causes significant damage to centrifuge operations
Iran's leading nuclear weapons scientist killed in sophisticated remote-controlled operation outside Tehran
UAE and Bahrain normalize relations with Israel, creating new regional alliance against Iranian influence
American drone strike kills Iranian Quds Force commander, escalating Iran-Israel-US confrontation
Iranian proxy attack in Iraq kills US contractor, escalating tensions and leading to retaliatory strikes
Drone and missile attacks on Saudi oil facilities disrupt global energy markets, with Iran blamed for orchestrating assault
Iran announces gradual withdrawal from JCPOA restrictions in response to US sanctions, escalating nuclear crisis
President Trump unilaterally exits JCPOA, reimposing sanctions and escalating Iran-Israel tensions
Israeli Prime Minister presents secret Iranian nuclear documents obtained by Mossad operation
Iranian drone infiltrates Israeli airspace, triggering major confrontation and first Israeli warplane loss since 1982
President Trump's Riyadh summit establishes Arab-Israeli coordination against Iranian regional influence
President Trump's executive order banning travel from Iran signals policy shift toward confrontation
Iranian military parade showcases ballistic missiles with 'Death to Israel' slogans, escalating rhetorical confrontation
Historic prisoner swap between Iran and US as nuclear agreement implementation begins, affecting regional dynamics
Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action signed by Iran and P5+1, temporarily resolving nuclear crisis over Israeli objections
Saudi-led coalition launches air campaign against Houthis, opening new front in Iran-Israel regional competition
Iranian weapons and training support Hamas during 50-day war with Israel, demonstrating proxy warfare capabilities
Islamic State emergence creates new regional threat affecting Iran-Israel calculations and proxy warfare
First direct communication between Iranian and US presidents since 1979 raises hopes for nuclear negotiations
Israeli airstrikes target Iranian weapons shipment to Hezbollah, opening new front in Syria conflict
Israeli Prime Minister establishes clear threshold for military action against Iranian nuclear facilities
Coordinated Iranian terrorist attacks in India and Thailand target Israeli diplomatic personnel globally
Iranian operatives arrested in Bangkok after failed bombing attempt, revealing Iran's international terrorism network
Iranian nuclear scientist assassinated by magnetic bomb attack, continuing Israeli covert campaign
International Atomic Energy Agency publishes detailed evidence of Iranian nuclear weapons development program
International community implements comprehensive sanctions targeting Iranian nuclear program and regional activities
Sophisticated computer worm attributed to Israel and US destroys Iranian centrifuges at Natanz facility
Israeli naval commandos storm Gaza flotilla, killing Turkish activists and damaging regional alliance against Iran
Professor Masoud Alimohammadi killed by motorcycle bomb, beginning wave of assassinations targeting Iran's nuclear program
Green Movement protests following disputed presidential election weaken Iranian government and regional influence
Israeli forces intercept vessel carrying hundreds of tons of Iranian weapons destined for Hezbollah
Israeli military operation in Gaza targets Iranian-backed Hamas infrastructure and weapons stockpiles
International investigation examines potential Iranian intelligence connections to Mumbai terrorist operation
Israeli Air Force long-range exercise simulates attack on Iranian nuclear facilities, sending clear deterrent message
Israeli Air Force destroys suspected North Korean-built nuclear reactor in Syria, preventing Iranian nuclear cooperation
Iranian-backed Hamas defeats Palestinian Authority forces, establishing independent governance in Gaza
Israeli bombing of Lebanese shelter kills civilians, intensifying international pressure during 2006 war
Iranian-backed Hezbollah captures Israeli soldiers in cross-border attack, sparking 34-day war
Iranian-backed Hamas defeats Fatah in Palestinian parliamentary elections, transforming regional dynamics
Israel's withdrawal from Gaza Strip opens space for Iranian influence through Hamas and Islamic Jihad
Hardline candidate wins Iranian presidency, escalating anti-Israeli rhetoric and nuclear program development
PLO leader's death creates opportunity for Iranian influence expansion through Hamas and Islamic Jihad
Gaddafi's nuclear program abandonment provides model for Iranian disarmament while highlighting Israeli concerns
International peace plan threatens Iranian strategy of perpetual Israeli-Palestinian conflict
MEK reveals undeclared uranium enrichment site at Natanz and heavy water reactor construction at Arak
Iranian opposition group reveals secret nuclear facilities at Natanz and Arak, escalating Iran-Israel nuclear confrontation
Israeli separation barrier construction affects Iranian proxy access and Palestinian territory control
September 11 terrorist attacks transform US regional policy affecting Iran-Israel strategic calculations
Hamas suicide bomber attacks Tel Aviv nightclub with Iranian-supplied explosives, targeting Israeli youth
Failed Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations create opportunities for Iranian-backed radical groups
Israel's unilateral withdrawal from southern Lebanon hands strategic victory to Iranian proxy Hezbollah
Two decades after Islamic Revolution, Iran's anti-Israeli ideology becomes cornerstone of regional policy
Iran mobilizes forces against Taliban after massacre of Shia Hazaras, demonstrating regional proxy warfare complexity
Pakistani nuclear weapons capability affects Middle Eastern nuclear dynamics and Iranian calculations
Reformist cleric's electoral victory raises hopes for Iranian moderation and regional diplomatic opening
Israeli artillery strike on UN compound kills 106 Lebanese civilians, providing Iran with propaganda victory
Israel launches major operation against Iranian-backed Hezbollah in Lebanon, escalating proxy conflict
Israeli Prime Minister's murder by Jewish extremist removes major obstacle to Iranian regional strategy
Bombing of Jewish community center in Buenos Aires kills 85, representing Iran's most lethal international terrorist attack
Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement prompts Iran to intensify proxy support and regional opposition
1993 terrorist attack on World Trade Center reveals potential Iranian state sponsorship and training connections
Bombing of Israeli Embassy in Argentina demonstrates Iran's international terrorist capabilities
Iranian-directed hostage crisis ends with release of remaining Western captives held by Hezbollah
Saddam Hussein's missile strikes on Israel create strategic dilemma, with Iran watching regional dynamics
Israeli extremist leader killed in Manhattan hotel, with potential Iranian connection through international network
IRGC deploys to Bekaa Valley creating permanent Iranian military presence on Israeli border
Saudi-brokered Taif Agreement reshapes Lebanese political system, challenging Iranian proxy Hezbollah's position
Supreme Leader's death sentence against British author demonstrates Iranian radical ideology and international reach
Investigation into Lockerbie bombing reveals possible Iranian involvement through PFLP-GC connections
American missile cruiser destroys Iranian civilian airliner killing 290, escalating Iran-Iraq War tensions
Iran decides to develop nuclear weapons capability during Iran-Iraq War, setting stage for future conflict with Israel
Church envoy's kidnapping demonstrates Iranian control over Lebanese Shia hostage networks
Revelation of covert US arms sales to Iran despite public hostility and Israeli involvement in weapons transfers
American mercenary's downing in Nicaragua reveals secret US weapons sales to Iran through Israeli channels
Simultaneous attacks in Rome and Vienna airports kill 19 people, demonstrating Palestinian-Iranian coordination
Hezbollah publishes its founding manifesto calling for Israel's destruction and establishing Iranian proxy's ideology
Iranian-directed Hezbollah attack kills 241 American servicemen, achieving strategic victory
Investigation reveals Iranian Revolutionary Guards' operational control of 1983 Beirut bombings
Simultaneous attacks on US and French forces in Beirut demonstrate Iran's expanding proxy capabilities
Soviet destruction of civilian airliner impacts superpower relations and Middle Eastern alignment patterns
Israeli invasion of Lebanon targets PLO but inadvertently creates conditions for Iranian Hezbollah emergence
Israeli airstrike eliminates Saddam's nuclear program, establishing precedent for preventing regional nuclear proliferation
Iraq invades Iran, leading to secret Israeli arms shipments to Iran despite revolutionary hostility
444-day hostage crisis fundamentally transforms US-Iran relations and affects regional Middle Eastern dynamics
Ayatollah Khomeini's Islamic Revolution overthrows Shah, transforming Iran from Israeli ally to enemy