OSCE Establishes Minsk Group for Karabakh Peace Process

WarEcho Team news

OSCE creates Minsk Group to mediate Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict, establishing main international negotiation framework

The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) established the Minsk Group at its ministerial council in Helsinki, creating the primary international framework for mediating the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

Formation

The Minsk Group was tasked with:

  • Organizing peace conference in Minsk
  • Facilitating negotiations
  • Developing peaceful resolution
  • Monitoring ceasefire (when achieved)

Structure

Co-chairs (established 1997):

  • Russia
  • United States
  • France

Members:

  • Belarus, Germany, Italy, Sweden, Finland, Turkey
  • Armenia and Azerbaijan as parties

Mandate

Key objectives:

  • Negotiate durable ceasefire
  • Determine Karabakh’s final status
  • Return of occupied territories
  • Security guarantees
  • Return of refugees

Early Challenges

  • Ongoing military operations
  • Maximalist positions
  • Lack of trust
  • Regional power competition
  • No peacekeeping force

Diplomatic Framework

Established principles:

  • Territorial integrity
  • Self-determination
  • Non-use of force
  • Return of refugees
  • Security for all

Limited Success

Despite efforts:

  • War continued escalating
  • No Minsk conference held
  • Positions hardened
  • Military facts on ground

Long-term Role

The Minsk Group would:

  • Remain primary mediator for 30+ years
  • Achieve 1994 ceasefire
  • Fail to resolve core issues
  • Face criticism from all sides
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