Nagorno-Karabakh Declares Independence

WarEcho Team news

Nagorno-Karabakh proclaims independence as Soviet Union collapses, escalating conflict to full-scale war

The Nagorno-Karabakh regional council proclaimed the establishment of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR), declaring independence from Azerbaijan as the Soviet Union entered its final months.

The Declaration

Based on Soviet law allowing secession:

  • Cited USSR law on secession procedures
  • Claimed right as autonomous region
  • Declared formation of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
  • Included Shahumyan region in north

Armenian position:

  • Followed Soviet legal procedures
  • Autonomous regions had secession rights
  • Response to Azerbaijani violence
  • Exercise of self-determination

Azerbaijani position:

  • Illegal unilateral act
  • Violated territorial integrity
  • No right to secession
  • Armed rebellion

Immediate Consequences

  • Azerbaijan began military offensive
  • Soviet troops withdrawing
  • Local forces took control
  • Full-scale war erupted

December Referendum

On December 10, 1991:

  • 99.89% voted for independence
  • Azerbaijani population boycotted
  • Not internationally recognized
  • Deepened political divide

International Response

  • No country recognized independence
  • Concerns about precedent
  • Calls for peaceful resolution
  • CSCE (later OSCE) involvement begins

War Escalation

The declaration triggered:

  • Azerbaijani military assaults
  • Armenian military support
  • Civilian bombardments
  • Ethnic cleansing campaigns
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