Azerbaijan Begins Economic Blockade of Armenia

Azerbaijan began blocking railway traffic to Armenia, initiating an economic blockade that would severely impact Armenia’s economy and mark a new phase of conflict beyond direct violence.

The Blockade

Azerbaijani actions included:

• Blocking rail shipments through Azerbaijan
• Disrupting Armenia’s main supply routes
• Cutting access to fuel and raw materials
• Isolating Armenia economically

Strategic Impact

Armenia faced severe challenges:

• Energy: 85% of fuel came via Azerbaijan
• Trade: Major disruption to imports/exports
• Food: Shortages of basic goods
• Industry: Factories forced to close

Justifications

Azerbaijan’s position:

• Response to Armenian territorial claims
• Pressure tactic for Karabakh dispute
• Retaliation for violence against Azerbaijanis

Armenia’s response:

• Violation of Soviet law
• Collective punishment of civilians
• Economic aggression

Escalation Pattern

The blockade represented:

• Shift from ethnic violence to state actions
• Use of geography as weapon
• Economic warfare tactics
• Preview of post-Soviet conflicts

Long-term Consequences

• Forced Armenia to seek alternative routes
• Deepened economic crisis
• Increased dependence on Georgia and Iran
• Hardened positions on both sides