Background

The Russia-Ukraine conflict escalated into a full-scale war on February 24, 2022, when Russia launched a military invasion of Ukraine. This marked a significant escalation from the conflict that began in 2014 with Russia’s annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbas.

Historical Context

The roots of the conflict trace back to Ukraine’s independence in 1991 and the complex relationship between the two nations. Key factors include:

• Ukraine’s aspirations for closer ties with the European Union and NATO
• Russia’s perception of Ukraine as within its sphere of influence
• The 2014 Euromaidan protests and subsequent change of government in Ukraine
• The annexation of Crimea and conflict in Eastern Ukraine (2014-2022)

Current Situation

The invasion has resulted in:

• Thousands of military and civilian casualties
• Over 8 million Ukrainian refugees
• Widespread destruction of infrastructure
• Global economic impacts, particularly on energy and food markets
• Unprecedented international sanctions on Russia

International Response

The international community has responded with:

• Military aid to Ukraine from NATO countries
• Comprehensive economic sanctions on Russia
• Humanitarian assistance for refugees and displaced persons
• Diplomatic efforts to mediate the conflict